Documentation Examples

The citations within this document follow the preferred conventions of the Press for capitalization, punctuation, abbreviations, and so on. If you have any questions about any aspect of documentation, please ask your production editor. Preparing documentation for publication can be very time consuming and absorb Press editorial resources that would be valuable for other aspects of your work.

A. HUMANITIES STYLE

Humanities style consists of endnotes and a bibliography. The bibliography may or may not be comprehensive. If the endnotes contain full citations, it is acceptable and sometimes even desirable to include only a selected bibliography of useful works or a bibliographical essay.

NOTES

UBC Press uses endnotes, rather than footnotes. If a chapter begins with an epigraph or needs a specific acknowledgment, it can be noted at the beginning of the notes for that chapter, with numbered notes following thereafter. Below is shown the beginning of the endnotes for a chapter, with a general source note and the first five numbered notes.

<heading>Chapter 2: Malcolmson and the Victoria Cross
The epigraph is taken from a letter Malcolmson wrote to his mother on the battlefield, 17 June 1857, now in the possession of his sole descendant, Edna Helen Malcolmson. A version of this chapter was presented as a paper to the Canadian Historical Association annual general meeting, Toronto, 3 June 2007.
1          Priscilla Blower, The Family Business: War and Valour (Oxford: Victoria Press, 1987), 16.
2          Ibid., 18. [ibid. used if a note contains exactly the same citation as the preceding note, when that note contains only one citation]
3          Ibid. [ibid. without a page number signifies the same page number as the preceding note]
4          Christopher Wren, “A Body on Mt. Everest, a Mystery Half-Solved,” New York Times on the Web, 5 May 1999, http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily. [Note that a website is documented by the name of the specific part of the site and institution to which it belongs, along with a short url. NOT http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily/bin/fastweb?getdoc+site+site+87604+0+wAAA+%22a%7Ebody%7Eon%7Emt. %7Everest%22.]
5          Blower, Family Business, 28. [short title used for second and subsequent citations of a work within a given chapter]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Avoid the temptation to break the bibliography into many short parts, such as primary Canadian sources, primary British sources, books, articles, unpublished manuscripts, etc. Generally, only two main divisions are necessary: Archival Sources, and Other Sources. In other words, anything that can be found in an archive should be grouped together, subdivided by the repository. Everything else can be grouped together, whether published recently or long ago, and whether published (books, periodicals, pamphlets) or unpublished (dissertations, conference papers). The rationale is that citations must be as easy as possible to find. Archival sources are most easily found by location; other works are most easily found by alphabetization.

The following shows various types of citation, not their organization within a single bibliography.

Books
Berger, Carl. Science, God, and Nature in Victorian Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983.
Bermingham, Ann. Landscape and Ideology: The English Rustic Tradition, 1740-1860. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Bevan, Jonquil. Izzak Walton’s The Compleat Angler: The Art of Recreation. Brighton, UK: Harvester, 1988.

Articles
Booth, Doug. “Escaping the Past? The Linguistic Turn and Language in Sport History.” Rethinking History 8, 1 (2004): 103-25.

Part of a book
Buckley, Suzann, and Janice Dickin McGinnis. “The Failure to Resolve the Problem of VD among the Troops during World War I.” In War and Society, ed. Brian Bond and I. Roy. London: Croom Helm, 1977.
Crosby, Alfred W. Ecological Imperialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
--. “Ecological Imperialism: The Overseas Migration of Western Europeans as a Biological Phenomenon.” In The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster, 103-17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Theses
Maddocks, Roy R. “A.G.L. McNaughton, R.B. Bennett and the Unemployment Relief Camps, 1932-1935.” MA thesis, Carleton University, 1974.

Archival sources
The following shows several sorts of archival citation. Note that each is categorized under a heading showing its location. As well, the level of specificity varies. Ideally, the bibliography cites specific documents only, but you may find it desirable to cite collections more generally if you have referred to them extensively.

<heading>Catholic Archival Centre, St. John’s, NF
Most Rev E.P. Roche papers, vol. 2, 1915-1950, Armed Forces, 1915-1945

<heading>Library and Archives of Canada (LAC)
Cabinet War Committee. Reel C-11,789, file 1, Minutes of the Cabinet War Committee, 9 December 1939, to 15 July 1940.
“Interviews by Harry Rasky (CBC),” [1980s]. Manuscripts of the First Half of the Twentieth Century, MG 30, C 192, vol. 3, Collection Eric Koch.

<heading>McCord Museum of Canadian History
J.W. Ross papers, p217-d/12

<heading>Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library
Turner, Dr. Alice W. “Sequences of Economic Events in Canada, 1914-1923.” Report to the Advisory Committee on Reconstruction, n.d.

B. AUTHOR-DATE STYLE

Author-date citation consists of in-text references and a References or Works Cited list.

IN-TEXT

The syntax and content of the author’s sentence govern the location of the citation. When an author-date citation occurs with a quotation we prefer the following styles:

Smith (1989, 221) noted that “the narrow path is difficult.”
Constitutional experts agree that “the narrow path is difficult” (Smith 1989, 221; also Jones 2001; Ray 2003).

versus

Smith (1989) noted that “the narrow path is difficult” (221).
Smith noted that “the narrow path is difficult” (1989, 221).

Author and date in parentheses
(Smith 1993)
(Smith 1993, 123)
(Smith forthcoming)
(Smith n.d.)
(Smith and Jones 1996; White 1998, 2000; Smith et al. 2001)
(Unattributed book title 1996, 213-14)
(Environment Canada 1999)

Author noted in the running text
Smith (1993)
Smith (1993, ch. 1)
Smith (1993, 123)
Smith (forthcoming)
Smith (n.d.)
Mary Smith (personal communication, 31 January 2000)
Smith and Jones (1996)
Smith, Jones, and White (1998)
Smith et al. (2001) [four or more authors]

REFERENCES

A reference list, or works cited list, generally contains all and only those works cited in the text.  They are presented in alphabetical order by author, and from oldest to most recent if an author has several works. If two or more works by the same author share a publication year, the letters a, b, c, and so on are affixed to the date.

The following are examples of types of works in an author-date list. In a standard reference list, they would be grouped together and alphabetized.

Books
Goldberg, D.T., ed. 1994. Multiculturalism: A critical reader. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hallam, S. 2002a. Ability grouping in schools. Perspectives on Education Policy no. 13. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
--. 2002b. Ability and disability: The myths and facts. London: Edward Arnold.

Part of a book
Henriques, J. 1984. Social psychology and the politics of racism. In Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation, and subjectivity, ed. J. Henriques, W. Holloway, C. Urwin, C. Venn, and V. Walkerdine, 11-25. London: Methuen.

Website
Kapur, R. 2002. Monsoon in a teacup. Legal Affairs http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2002.

Article
Kirton, A., and H. Brighouse. 2001. Compulsory citizenship education in England: Problems and prospects. Delta 53(1-2): 61-78.