Bears
Bears
Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Perspectives in Native Eastern North America
Highlighting the role of bears in Indigenous societies of North America
Although scholars have long recognized the mythic status of bears in Indigenous North American societies of the past, this is the first volume to synthesize the vast amount of archaeological and historical research on the topic. Bears charts the special relationship between the American black bear and humans in eastern Native American cultures across thousands of years. These essays draw on zooarchaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic evidence from nearly 300 archaeological sites from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico. Contributors explore the ways bears have been treated as something akin to another kind of human—in the words of anthropologist Irving Hallowell, “other than human persons”—in Algonquian, Cherokee, Iroquois, Meskwaki, Creek, and many other Native cultures. Case studies focus on bear imagery in Native art and artifacts; the religious and economic significance of bears and bear products such as meat, fat, oil, and pelts; bears in Native worldviews, kinship systems, and cosmologies; and the use of bears as commodities in transatlantic trade. The case studies in Bears demonstrate that bears were not only a source of food, but were also religious, economic, and political icons within Indigenous cultures. This volume convincingly portrays the black bear as one of the most socially significant species in Native eastern North America.
Contributors: Ralph Koziarski | Megan C. Kassabaum | Louis-Vincent Laperrière-Désorcy | J. Lynn Funkhouser | Heather A. Lapham | Hannah O’Regan | Christian St-Pierre | David Mather | DR Tanya M. Peres | Claire St-Germain | Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman | Heather Altman | Terrance Joseph Martin | Thomas Berres | J. Matthew Compton | Ashley Peles | Gregory A. Waselkov
A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series
“Now, everything you wanted to know about bears, from archaeological and ethnohistorical perspectives in eastern North America and beyond, can be found in one exceptional, high-quality package.”—American Antiquity
“This volume is a welcome addition to any zooarchaeologist’s library but has much to offer beyond that. The focus may be on bears, but the research presented demonstrates the significant results that can be obtained through detailed study of archaeological resources that expand our understanding of human-animal interactions.”—Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
“A compelling collection of essays and perspectives that shed light on what is a fascinating and underappreciated topic. . . . Well worth integrating into any research about humans, animals, foodways, and ecologies of eastern North America in the precontact and colonial periods.” —H-Net
“[Contains] a lot of information ranging from ethnohistorical accounts and ethnographic interviews to details on the archaeological contexts in which bears have been found regionally. . . . Anyone with an interest in bears will find much that is intriguing in this volume.”—Pennsylvania Archaeologist
This engaging survey draws upon archaeological, ecological, ethnographic, ethnohistorical, and artistic materials to offer a regional perspective on bears in the Eastern Woodlands. The volume is a timely synthesis rich in details about the multiple roles of bears as pests, pets, food, commodities, venerated icons, and mythical figures.’—Elizabeth J. Reitz, coauthor of Charleston: An Archaeology of Life in a Coastal Community ‘A critical work that explores the human-animal dynamic via the most iconic of other-than-human creatures, the bear. A must read for anyone interested in the Indigenous relationship with the natural world.’—Matthew Betts, author of Place-Making in the Pretty Harbour: The Archaeology of Port Joli, Nova Scotia
Heather A. Lapham is associate director of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology and adjunct associate professor of archaeology and anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is the author of Hunting for Hides: Deerskins, Status, and Cultural Change in the Protohistoric Appalachians. Gregory A. Waselkov is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of South Alabama. His many books include A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814.
Content Introduction Heather A. Lapham Chapter 1 Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Overview of Bear-Human Relationships in Native Eastern North America Gregory A. Waselkov Chapter 2 “Dear, Honored Guest”: Bear Ceremonialism in Minnesota David Mather Chapter 3 The Great White Bear in Cosmology, Myth, Imagery, and Ritual Thomas E. Berres Chapter 4 The Multifaceted Bear: Spiritual and Economic Roles of Bears in Meskwaki Society Ralph Koziarski Chapter 5 Use of Black Bears in the Western Great Lakes Region, and the Riddle of the Perforated Bear Mandibles Terrance J. Martin Chapter 6 Black Bears and the Iroquoians: Food, Stories, and Symbols Christian Gates St-Pierre, Claire St-Germain, and Louis-Vincent Laperrière-Désorcy Chapter 7 In Feast and Famine: New Perspectives on Black Bear in the Southern Appalachians and Piedmont, AD 1000–1800 Heather A. Lapham Chapter 8 Better than Butter: Yona Go’i‚ Bear Grease in Cherokee Culture Heidi M. Altman, Tanya M. Peres, and J. Matthew Compton Chapter 9 Bears, Bear-Grounds, and Bovines in the Lower Southeast Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman Chapter 10 Re-Examining the Evidence for Bear Ceremonialism in the Lower Mississippi Valley Ashley Peles and Megan C. Kassabaum Chapter 11 Menageries and Bearskin Caps: Experiencing North American Bears in Post-Medieval Britain Hannah J. O’Regan Chapter 12 Bear-Human Relationships in Eastern Native North America: An Overview of Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Evidence Gregory A. Waselkov and J. Lynn Funkhouser Contributors
