The Last Refuge of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel
360 pages, 6 x 9
Hardcover
Release Date:30 Apr 2009
ISBN:9780816527687
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The Last Refuge of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel

Ecology of Endangerment

The University of Arizona Press
When the University of Arizona announced plans to build observatories on Mt. Graham, atop the Pinaleño Mountains, the construction was seen as a potential threat to an isolated species found only on this sky island. The Mt. Graham red squirrel was declared “endangered” by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Legal action required the university to provide funds for research and monitoring the Mt. Graham red squirrel.

This book is derived from a symposium on the Mt. Graham red squirrel and offers a comprehensive picture of the ecology of this red squirrel and the impacts on its mountain home. Forty contributors detail studies conducted to understand the natural history of the creature and the challenges and changing ecological conditions on Mt. Graham.

Each chapter tells a unique story that contributes to the mosaic of natural history knowledge about the endangered Mt. Graham red squirrel. They reflect diverse viewpoints on the problems of conserving the habitats and populations of the squirrel, showing how it was complicated by perspectives ranging from Native Americans’ concern over traditional lands to astronomers’ hope for a better view of space, and by issues ranging from forestry practices to climate change. Studies of such factors as squirrel middens, seed hoarding, and nest sites provide definitive research on the animal.

Ongoing censuses continue to track the squirrel’s population trends, and both Forest Service and Arizona Department of Transportation activities continue to be scrutinized by interested parties to determine their impact. This book represents an authoritative overview of this still-endangered species and its habitat.
H. Reed Sanderson is a wildlife biologist with Mt. Graham Biology Programs. John L. Koprowski is a professor in the School of Natural Resources at the University of Arizona and co-author of North American Tree Squirrels.
Foreword by Jack Ward Thomas
Acknowledgments
Introduction

Part I The Mountain
1 The Cultural Signifi cance of Mt. Graham (Dzil nchaa si’an) in Western Apache Tradition
Patricia M. Spoerl
2 Exploring the Larger Environment: Astrophysical Explorations from Mt. Graham
John R. Ratje
3 Tree-Ring Perspectives on Fire Regimes and Forest Dynamics in Mixed-Conifer and Spruce-Fir Forests on Mt. Graham
Thomas W. Swetnam, Christopher H. Baisan, and Henri D. Grissino-Mayer

Part II Management
4 Natural History and Management of the Pinaleño Mountains with Emphasis on Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Habitats
Lawrence L. C. Jones
5 The Process and Recovery Team Structure for Revising the 1993 Mount Graham Red Squirrel Recovery Plan
Paul J. Barrett

Part III Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Population Trends
6 Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Natural History and Pre-observatory Construction Conservation Efforts
Kathleen A. Granillo and Genice F. Froehlich
7 Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Interagency Midden Surveys: 1991 – 2007
Tim K. Snow
8 Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Populations on the University of Arizona’s Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Monitoring Program Area: 1989 – 2003
Paul J. Young
9 A Comparison of Two Sampling Techniques to Assess Population Trends in Endangered Mt. Graham Red Squirrels
John L. Koprowski and Tim K. Snow
10 Consequences of Small Populations and Their Impacts on Mt. Graham Red Squirrels
John L. Koprowski and Robert J. Steidl

Part IV Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Habitat
11 Vegetation Changes within the Subalpine and Mixed-Conifer Forest on Mt. Graham, Arizona: Proxy Evidence for Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Habitat
R. Scott Anderson and Susan J. Smith
12 Mapping and Monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Habitat with GIS and Thematic Mapper Imagery
James R. Hatten
13 Site Selection for the Establishment of New Middens of Mt. Graham Red Squirrels
Sadie R. Bertelsen and John L. Koprowski
14 Habitat Characteristics of the Midden Sites of Mt. Graham Red Squirrels: Do Sex Differences Exist?
Marit I. Alanen, John L. Koprowski, Martha I. Grinder, Vicki L. Greer, Carol A. Coates, and Kelly A. Hutton Kimple

Part V Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Behavior and Ecology
15 Time Budget of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel
Vicki L. Greer and John L. Koprowski
16 Removal Rates and Fate of Two Cone Species Collected by Red Squirrels
Diane K. Angell
17 Nutrient Content of Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Feedstuffs
William H. Miller and William E. Yoder
18 The Adaptive Signifi cance of Seed Hoarding by the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel
Craig L. Frank and Stephanie R. Cox
19 The Nutritional Ecology of Fungal Sporocarp Hoarding by Mt. Graham Red Squirrels
Craig L. Frank
20 Reproductive Ecology and Home Range Size of Red Squirrels: Do Mt. Graham Red Squirrels Fit the Pattern?
Karen E. Munroe, John L. Koprowski, and Vicki L. Greer

Part VI Risk and Disturbance 299
21 Effect of Human and Non-human Disturbance on Mt. Graham Red Squirrels
Sarah R. B. King and John L. Koprowski
22 Spruce Aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker): Life History and Damage to Engelmann Spruce in the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona
Ann M. Lynch
23 Nest-Site Characteristics of Sympatric Mt. Graham Red Squirrels and Abert’s Squirrels in the Pinaleño Mountains
Thomas E. Morrell, Eric A. Point, and James C. DeVos Jr.
24 Introduced Abert’s Squirrels in the Pinaleño Mountains: A Review of Their Natural History and Potential Impacts on the Red Squirrel
Andrew J. Edelman and John L. Koprowski
25 A Risk Assessment of Multiple Impacts on the Endangered Mt. Graham Red Squirrel
Elaine K. Harding, Daniel F. Doak, Cynthia Hartway, Terry Moore Frederick, and Genice Froehlich

Appendix A: Further Reading of Recent Research on Mt. Graham Red Squirrels and Their Sky Island Allies
Index
About the Editors
About the Contributors
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